Issue 4.6 | August 2026

Welcome to Lab Notes Volume 4, Issue 6

Nearly two decades ago, my colleague Lennart Mucke and his team at Gladstone pursued an unconventional idea. While much of the Alzheimer’s field focused on amyloid plaques, they showed that reducing levels of another brain protein, tau, could prevent memory problems and normalize lifespan in mouse models of the disease.

This summer, a Phase 2 clinical trial of an experimental tau-lowering drug showed signs of slowing cognitive decline in people with early Alzheimer’s. Larger studies are still needed, but the results offer encouraging early evidence that lowering tau could benefit patients.

We are also marking 20 years since Gladstone scientist and Nobel Laureate Shinya Yamanaka discovered how to reprogram adult cells into induced pluripotent stem cells. The discovery transformed the possibilities for regenerative medicine. TIME recently recognized Shinya as one of its 2026 Longevity Leaders as scientists explore how cellular reprogramming could be used to address aging and disease.

As a physician-scientist, I find these long arcs of discovery especially meaningful. Ideas pursued decades ago are now opening new possibilities for patients. The discoveries highlighted below make me equally excited to imagine what today’s bold ideas could mean for patients 10 or 20 years from now!

With gratitude,

President, Gladstone Institutes

 

1 ] Boosting the Power of Immunotherapy for Solid Tumors

Cell-based immunotherapies have transformed treatment for some blood cancers, but solid tumors remain much harder to treat, in part because tumors create an environment that prevents immune cells from getting in and doing their job. In a recent Nature study, researchers in the Marson and Carnevale labs developed the first genome-wide CRISPR screening system to test T cells inside tumors. They identified genes that act as barriers to T cells entering tumors and remaining active once there. Removing two of these barriers together dramatically improved tumor control in animal models, suggesting a potential strategy for engineering more powerful cancer-fighting immune cells. 

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2 ] When DNA Folds the Wrong Way

Gladstone scientists Benoit Bruneau, Katie Pollard, and my own team have uncovered a surprising new explanation for how genetic changes can cause congenital heart defects. We found that a protein called TBX5 does more than turn important genes on and off; it helps physically fold DNA into the correct three-dimensional shape. Having just half the normal amount of TBX5 can disrupt that structure and prevent heart cells from developing properly. The discovery, published in Science, could help explain why people with the same genetic mutation sometimes develop very different heart defects. DNA misfolding could be an important mechanism in many other developmental disorders.

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3 ] Could Less Oxygen Help Fight Disease?

Oxygen is essential for life, but too much can actually damage cells and promote disease. Researchers in the Jain Lab found that lowering oxygen levels dramatically improved brain function and tripled lifespan in mice with a genetic defect affecting their mitochondria, the tiny structures that produce energy inside cells. The findings, published in Nature Metabolism, could have implications for a range of conditions, from rare childhood mitochondrial disorders to Parkinson's disease and other neurological diseases. The team is now developing a drug designed to mimic the benefits of low oxygen, with the ultimate goal of making this unusual therapeutic approach practical for patients.

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